Q: What is the term used to describe a situation where a hazard has happened and it affected humans?
A: The term used to describe a situation where a hazard has happened and it affected humans is "disaster."
A disaster is a complex phenomenon that involves the interaction between natural or human-induced hazards and vulnerable populations. According to the United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR), a disaster is "a serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society, causing widespread human, material, or environmental losses that exceed the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own resources" (UNDRR, 2017).
Disasters can be caused by various types of hazards, including natural hazards such as earthquakes, floods, hurricanes, and wildfires, as well as human-induced hazards such as industrial accidents, terrorism, and civil unrest (UNDRR, 2017). The impact of disasters can vary greatly, depending on the type and severity of the hazard, the level of exposure and vulnerability of the affected populations, and the availability of resources and capacities to respond and recover.
Effective disaster management involves a comprehensive approach that encompasses planning, preparedness, response, and recovery efforts. According to the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), the four phases of disaster management are "mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery" (FEMA, 2018).
Mitigation involves actions taken before a disaster to reduce or eliminate the risks and impacts of hazards, such as zoning regulations, building codes, and environmental protection measures (FEMA, 2018). Preparedness involves activities aimed at enhancing the readiness and capacity of individuals, communities, and organizations to respond to a disaster, such as emergency planning, training, and exercises. Response involves the immediate actions taken during and after a disaster to save lives, stabilize the situation, and meet the basic needs of affected populations, such as search and rescue, medical care, and emergency shelter. Recovery involves the long-term efforts to restore the affected communities and infrastructure to their pre-disaster conditions or better, such as reconstruction, rehabilitation, and economic recovery (FEMA, 2018).
In conclusion, disasters are complex and multifaceted events that require a comprehensive approach to management. By understanding the nature and causes of disasters and implementing effective mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery measures, it is possible to reduce the impact of disasters on human life and society as a whole.
References
Federal Emergency Management Agency. (2018). Four phases of emergency management. Retrieved from https://www.fema.gov/four-phases-emergency-management
United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction. (2017). Sendai framework for disaster risk reduction 2015-2030. Retrieved from https://www.unisdr.org/files/43291_sendaiframeworkfordrren.pdf